Guidelines
Description of tags
a. Word Class:
i.
Noun
1. Nman - N
2. Nman Kartrarthaka - NK
3. Nman Bhvrthaka - NB
4. Nman Abhidhna – NA
5. Nman Abhidhna De§a – NAD
6. Nman Abhidhna Pum_apatya – NAP
7. Nman Abhidhna Str´_apatya – NAS
8. Nman Abhidhna Tadrja – NAT
ii.
Compounds
1. NCDI Nāmapada which is a Compound of Dvandva Itaretara
2. NCDS Nāmapada which is a Compound of Dvandva Samhara
3. NCT2 Nāmapada in 2nd case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a dvity
4. NCT3 Nāmapada in 3rd case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a trty
5. NCT4 Nāmapada in 4th case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a caturth
6. NCT5 Nāmapada in 5th case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a pacam
7. NCT6 Nāmapada in 6th case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a •a•h
8. NCT7 Nāmapada in 7th case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a saptam
9. NCAl Nāmapada Compounded without the deletion of case inflection to form Aluk
10. NCNT Nāmapada Compounded with negation to form Na Tatpuru•a
11. NCK Karmadhrya Compound
12. NCD Dvigu Compound
13. NCB Bahuvrhi Compound
14. NCA Avyaya Compound - Adverbial Compound
iii.
Pronoun
1. SarvaNman - SN
2. SarvaNman Uttama - SNU
3. SarvaNman Madhyama - SNM
4. SarvaNman îtmrthaka - SNA
5. SarvaNman Nirde§tmaka – SNN
6. SarvaNman Pr§nrthika – SNP
7. SarvaNman Cit-cana-di – SNC
8. SarvaNman Smbandhika – SNS
iv.
Participles
1. K¨danta Vartamna 1 – KV1
2. K¨danta Vartamna 2 – KV2
3. K¨danta Agami 1 - KA1
4. K¨danta Agami 2 – KA2
5. K¨danta Bhèta 1 – KB1
6. K¨danta Bhèta 2 KB2
7. K¨danta
VIdhyarthaka 1 – KVI1
8. K¨danta
VIdhyarthaka 2 – KVI2
9. K¨danta VIdhyarthaka 3 – KVI3
v.
Verbs
1.
laT lakAra Vartamana
- laTV
2.
liT lakAra Bhuta -
liTB
3.
luT lakAra Agami -
luTAg
4.
lR^iT lakAra Agami - lR^iTAg
5.
loT lakAra Ajna - loTA
6.
la~N lakAra Bhuta
- la~NB
7.
li~N lakAra Vidhi - li~NVi
8.
li~N lakAra AshI - li~NAs
9.
lu~N lakAra Bhuta - lu~NB
10.
lR^i~N lakAra Sanketa - lR^i~NS
vi.
Indeclinables
1.
AVyaya – AV
2.
AVyaya Smbandhika
– AVS
3.
AVyaya SamucCayavci – AVSC
4.
AVyaya Viyogavaci – AVV
5.
AVyaya Ni·edhrthaka – AVN
6.
Avyaya Pr§nrthika – AVP
7.
AVyaya KriyVi§e·aöa – AVKV
8.
AVyaya Ktvnta
– AVK
9.
AVyaya Lyabanta – AVL
10.
AVyaya Tumunnanta – AVT
11.
UDgra – UD
b. Feature sub-tags
1. Gender sub-tags – p, s, and n
2. Case and Number tags – 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1 through 8.3
3. Verb base modifying sub-tags – Nd (Nāmadhātu), Yn, Sn (Sannanta), Ni (öijanta)
4. Verbal Preposition sub-tags – UPA – UPAsarga or UPApada
5. Verbal Pada sub-tags parasmai- P and Atmane - A
6. Voice sub-tags (Kartari is default and is not marked) – Kr and Bh
7. Person and number sub-tags – 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, through 3.3
c. Puncuation tags & other
1. | PUN_VV - Punctuation Vkya Virma - sentence end marker, half shloka marker, etc
2. || PUN_SA - Punctuation loka Anta - shloka end marker
3. , PUN_LV – Punctuation Laghu Virma - comma
4. ? PUN_PC – Punctuation Prana Cihna - question mark
5. ! PUN_AC – Punctuation carya Cihna - exclamatory mark
6. ‘ PUN_UC – Punctuation Uddharana Cihna 1 - quote open
7. ’ PUN_SC – Punctuation Samvarana Cihna 1 - quote close
8. “ PUN_UCd – Punctuation Uddharana Cihnadvaya - double quote open
9. ” PUN_SCd – Punctuation Samvarana Cihnadvaya - double quote close
10. ( PUN_VU1 – Punctuation Valaya-Uuddharana Cihna 1 - open braces
11. ) PUN_VS1 – Punctuation Valaya-Samvarana Cihna 1 - close braces
12. [ PUN_VU2 Punctuation Valaya-Uddharana Cihna 2 - open square bracket
13. ] PUN_VS2 Punctuation Valaya-Samvarana Cihna 2 - close square bracket
14. { PUN_VU3 – Punctuation Valaya-Uuddharana Cihna 3 - open flower bracket
15. } PUN_VS3 Punctuation Valaya-Samvarana Cihna 3 - close flower bracket
16. - PUN_DS dash
17. : PUN_CL colon
18. ; PUN_VA – Vkya-anga Anta - semi-colon
19. / PUN_BS – Punctuation back slash
20. + PUN_PL - Punctuation plus sign
21. = PUN_EQ - Punctuation equal sign
22. . PUN_BIN – bindu - Punctuation dot
23. * PUN_LAG - Laghvikarana - abbreviation marker ( पं* for पंडित)
24. AB AB AnyaBh• - foreign word
25. SAM-SAM SAM-SAM hyphenated number (१९४७-२००६)
26. AJ AJnata
Nouns
Nman tag – N - covers all the common nouns.
Eg. gramaµ[N_p_2.1] janapadasya[N_p_6.1] arthe tyajet|(Pa.) manun nirmit ayodhy nma nagar´[N_s_1.1] s´t | (Bl.)
purodhasµ[N_p_3.1] ca mukhyaµ mµ viddhi prtha b¨haspatim |
(G´ta)
idaµ deva-nirmitaµ pyasaµ[N_n_1.1] g¨höa | (Balaramayana)
Nman Kartrarthaka tag – NK – covers agent nouns.
Eg. kartuú[NK_p_6.1] ´psitatamaµ karma | (A· .)
adhypakaú[NK_p_1.1] chtrn p hayati |
sevakaú[NK_p_1.1] svminaµ dve· i | (Pa.)
annadtaú[NK_p_8.1] sukh´ bhava |
Nman Bhvrthaka tag – NB – covers impersonal nouns and abstract nouns
Eg. madhurdhipateú gamanaµ[NB_n_1.1] madhuram | (Madhur· aka)
pa hataú na asti mèrkhatvam[NB_n_1.1] | (Subh·ita)
vyakulatvaµ[NB_n_1.1] naú h¨di vartate |
yena prabhoú citte laghut[NB_s_1.1] v pi¶ syt tat karma sevakaú
pröa-tyge api na kuryat | (Pa.)
sahyatm[NB_s_2.1] kuru |
Nman Abhidhna tag – NA – covers all proper nouns – of persons and places
Eg. rmaú[NA_p_1.1] nma janaiú §rutaú | (Rm.)
himalayaú[NA_p_1.1] nma nagdhirjaú asti | (Kumrasambhava)
rmagiry§rame·u[NA_p_7.3] vasatiµ cakre | (Meghadèta)
da§arathaú[NA_p_1.1] nma rjar·iú avartata | (Bl.)
s´tyú[NA_s_1.1] caritaµ mahat | (Rm.)
asti
nagar´ ujjayin´[NA_s_1.1] nma |
murkha!
rj brahmadattaú[NA_p_1.1], nagaraµ
kmpilyam[NA_n_1.1] iti abhidh´yatm | (Svapnavasavdatta)
asti
dk·iötye janapade mahilropyaµ[NA_n_1.1] nma nagaram |
(Pa.)
Nman Abhidhna De§a tag – NAD – covers a small set of Country Names in Sanskrit which are used in plural.
Eg. aºgnµ vi·ayaú aºgú[NAD_p_1.3] | vaºgú[NAD_p_1.3]
suhmú[NAD_p_1.3] puö¶rú[NAD_p_1.3] | (M.Bh.)
rmaú daö¶akn[NAD_p_2.3] pravive§a | (Rm.)
uttare·u pcle·u[NAD_p_7.3] mahbhuú drupadaú rj abhavat |
(M.Bhrata)
sauv´rú[NAD_p_1.3] kitavaú[NAD_p_1.3] prcyú[NAD_p_1.3]
prat´cya-ud´cya-mlavú[NAD_p_1.3] | abh´·hú[NAD_p_1.3]
§èrasenú[NAD_p_1.3] §ibayaú[NAD_p_1.3] atha
vastayaú[NAD_p_1.3] || §lv§rayú[NAD_p_1.3]
trigartú[NAD_p_1.3] ca amba· hú[NAD_p_1.3]
kekayaiú[NAD_p_3.3] saha | dvada§a ete
janapadú | (M.Bhrata)
Nman Abhidhna Pum_apatya tag – NAP and Nma Abhidhna Str´_apatya tag – NAS - represent Patronymic and Metronymic Proper Nouns
Eg. mrutiµ[NAP_p_2.1] namata rk·asntakam | (Hanumatstotra)
tvay rghava[NAP_p_8.1] gaccheyam | (Rm.)
saú ghosaú dhrtar· röµ[NAP_p_6.3] h¨dayni vi-adrayat | (G´ta)
saú kaikeyyú[NAP_s_6.1] priyakrant vanaµ jagma | (Rm.)
tasya ca kausaly[NA_s_1.1] sumitr[NA_s_1.1] kaikey´[NAP_s_1.1] iti
tisraú bhryú abhavan | (Bl.)
sukhinaú k·atriy§ prtha[NAS_p_8.1] labhante yuddham ´d¨§am | (G´ta)
prati-jagrha gºgeyaú[NAS_p_1.1] §ata§aú atha sahasra§aú |
(M.Bhrata)
visöun tu tad ka§e vainateyaú[NAS_p_1.1] sameyivn | (M.Bhrata)
Nman Abhidhna Tadrja tag – NAT – covers a small set of names of k·atriya-s. These names are based on the country their reign.
Eg. kiµ tv amanyata vaidehaú[NAT_p_1.1] pit me mithildhipaú |
rma jmtaraµ prpya striyaµ puru·a-vigraham || (Rm.)
sakhyaµ mµ vijn´hi pcla[NAT_p_1.1] yadi manyase
| (M.Bhrata)
nai·adhaµ[NAT_p_2.1] varaymsa bhaim´[NAP_s_1.1] dharmeöa
bhrata | (M.Bhrata)
Compounds
NCDI Nāmapada which is a Compound of Dvandva Itaretara type (Coordinative Enumerative Compound which is a Noun, with gender and declensional sub-tags) (e.g. rmak••au, rmalak•maabharataatrughn)
NCDS Nāmapada which is a Compound of Dvandva Samhara type (Coordinative Collective Compound which is a Noun, with neuter gender, and singular number and declensional sub-tags) (e.g. pipdam, hranidrbhayam)
NCT2 Nāmapada in 2nd case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a dvity type (Determinative Compound (accusative), with gender, number and declensional sug-tags) (e.g. k••arita, dukhtta)
NCT3 Nāmapada in 3rd case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a trty type (Determinative Compound (instrumental), with gender, number and declensional sug-tags) (e.g. haritrta, nakhabhinna, vkkalaha)
NCT4 Nāmapada in 4th case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a caturth type (Determinative Compound (dative), with gender, number and declensional sug-tags) (e.g. ypadru, gohitam)
NCT5 Nāmapada in 5th case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a pacam type (Determinative Compound (ablative), with gender, number and declensional sug-tags) (e.g. corabhayam, svargapatita)
NCT6 Nāmapada in 6th case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a •a•h type (Determinative Compound (genitive), with gender, number and declensional sug-tags) (e.g. rjapuru•a, devendra)
NCT7 Nāmapada in 7th case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a saptam type (Determinative Compound (locative), with gender, number and declensional sug-tags) (e.g. ak•aaua, vardhna)
NCAl Nāmapada Compounded without the deletion of case inflection to form Aluk type (gender, number and declensional sug-tags) (e.g. dhanajaya)
NCNT Nāmapada Compounded with negation to form Na Tatpuru•a type (gender, number and declensional sug-tags) (e.g. abrhmaa)
NCK Karmadhrya Compound (with gender, number and declensional sug-tags) (e.g. ghanayma, mukhakamalam, k••asarpa, uklak••a)
NCD Dvigu Compound (with gender, number and declensional sug-tags) (e.g. •aömturaú, pacava´, pacatantram)
NCB Bahuvrhi Compound (with gender, number and declensional sug-tags) (e.g. pitmbaraú, cakrapaniú)
NCA Avyaya Compound (e.g. yathāakti, amāmi) Adverbial Compound
General Pronouns
SarvaNman SN tag – It includes all the pronouns listed in Sarvdigaöa, except the personal, reflexive, demonstrative, interrogative, relative and indefinite pronouns.
Eg. vi§ve[SN_p_1.3]
surú ca[AVC] sarvaµ[SN_n_1.1] jagat ca[AVC]
upa-sthitµ vaikrtim -namanti | (M.Bhrata I.71.36)
ubhau[SN_p_1.2] mukham -cchdya adhomukhaµ ti· hataú | (BPN81)
Personal Pronouns
SarvaNman Uttama SNU and SarvaNman Madhyama SNM are the personal pronoun tags – These tags donot have gender
feature sub-tags. But the ‘bhavat’ which is used as honorific second person
pronoun does get forms in all the three genders. This word though being a second
person pronoun does not concord with the second person form of the verb, but is
used only with third person forms of a verb.[1]
This is also used
with prefixes ‘atra’ and ‘tatra’ in the sense of honour.
Eg. etat rjan dhanaµ mahyaµ[SNU_4.1] , tena d´vymi ahaµ[SNU_1.1]
tvay[SNM_3.1] | (M.Bhrata II.54.28)
na
antaú asti mama[SNU_6.1] divynµ vibhèt´naµ parantapa |
(G´t XI.40)
tataú te[SNM_6.1] pit yuvm[SNM_2.2] idn´m[AV]
pra-sthpayati | (BPN78)
api
saµ-ni-dhatte atra tatra-bhavat´[SNM_s_1.1] siddhimat´ nma
yogin´ ? (BPN4)
bhavati[SNM_s_8.1] bhik·µ dehi | bhik·µ bhavat´[SNM_s_1.1]
dadtu | bhik·µ bhavati[SNM_s_8.1] dehi | (Praskara-g¨hya-sètra)
muniú etau pari-g¨hya svµ[SNA_s_2.1] k¨tim ap hayat | (CR10)
Reflexive Pronouns
SarvaNman
îtmrthaka
SNA tag is
used for reflexive pronouns. In Sanskrit ‘tman’ (in masculine singular), ‘sva’, ‘tmiya’, ‘svakiya’ and ‘nija’ words are
used as reflexive pronouns. ‘svayam’ is used as an adverb.
Eg. pratyahaµ
prati-ava-´k·eta naraú caritam
tmanaú[SNA_p_6.1]
|
vedaú sm¨tiú sadcraú svasya[SNA_p_6.1]
ca priyam
tmanaú | etat catur-vidhaµ prhuú sk·t dharmasya
lak·aöam || (Manus. II.12)
may dattaµ nijaµ[SNA_p_2.1] putraµ v´raµ v´ra g¨ht naya |
(M.Bhrata.
I.94.36)
Demonstrative Pronouns
SarvaNman Nirde§tmaka SNN is the tag for demonstative pronouns. In Sanskrit there are four demonstrative pronouns – ‘idam’ (this), ‘etad’ (this), ‘adas’ (that) and ‘tad’ (that)[2]. All the four take all the three gender, number and case feature sub-tags.
Eg. imµ[SNN_s_2.1] ca te bhagin´µ m rodaya | (BPN76)
purv¨ttam asmai[SNN_p_4.1] da§arathya kathaymsa[P_li _1.1] | (CR12)
etau[SNN_p_2.2] muniú pari-grhya svµ krtim ap hayat[Ni_p_laº_1.1] | (CR11)
praöamya utthitn etn[SNN_p_2.3] amarn aravinda-locanaú
sphu am[AVKV] abh·ata[A_laº_1.1] | (CR16)
tataú s[SNN_s_1.1] pari·at dugdha-sgart nir-agt[P_luº_1.1] |
(CR24)
asau[SNN_p_1.1] matimatµ §re· haú |
(M.Bharata II.38.16)
Interrogative Pronoun
SarvaNman Pr§nrthika SNP is the tag for interrogative pronouns. In Sanskrit the word ‘kim’ is used as interrogative pronoun in all the three genders. It is also used with ‘api’ in the sence of some or indefinite pronoun. Adjectival interrogatives are also formed like ‘kiyat’, ‘kidr§’, ‘katara’, ‘katama’ etc.
enaµ prabandhaµ pra-yoktuµ kaú[SNP_p_1.1] samarthaú | (CR10)
ayaµ janaú kasya[SNP_p_6.1] haste sam-arpitaú ? (Aê.IV)
k[SNP_s_1.1] me janan´ ? kaú[SNP_p_1.1] me ttaú ? (Moham.)
jeyaµ kim[SNP_n_1.1] atra ? (Pa.)
kiyantaµ[SNP_p_2.1] ca eva klaµ te vapuú etat bhavi·yati ? (M.Bhrata I.10.8)
mana§-cak·ur-vih´nasya k´d¨§aµ[SNP_N_1.1] j´vitaµ
bhavet? (M.Bhrata II.15.2)
Indefinite
Pronoun
SarvaNman Cit-cana-adi SNC is the
indefinite pronoun tag. Indefinite pronouns are formed by the addition of
suffixes –cit, -cana, or -api to the various cases of the pronoun ‘kim’ in all
the genders. (there is also occuances with –svit)
kimapi[SNC_N_1.1] apèrvaµ rèpakam abhi-netavyam[KVI2_N_1.1] |
(BPN2)
rj ni§vasya kimapi[SNC_N_2.1] dhyyan ti· hati | (BPN82)
kasyacit[SNC_p_6.1] g¨hamedhinaú g¨ht
bhojayitum icchmi | (BPN82)
kasypi[SNC_p_6.1] bdh m[AVN]_bhèt[P_lun_1.1] | (BPN83)
tatra muniú kacana[SNC_p_2.1] prade§am pradar§ayan avocat |
(CR40)
ka§cit[SNC_p_1.1] yak·aú rmagiry§rame·u vasatiµ cakre. (Meghaduta)
asti kasmiµ§cit[SNC_p_7.1] vanodde§e ka§cit pulindaú (Pa.)
kai§cit[SNC_p_3.3]
kmapi§caú iti dhikk¨taú.
ayaµ tu tapasv´ lokaú kenpi[SNC_p_3.1] asadvdena svargam
abhi-kºk·ate.
kāsvit[SNC_s_1.1] avaguö hanavat´ nār´.
Even the
usage of katipaya is seen in the sence of indefinite pronouns.
Eg. katipayaiú[SNC_p_3.3] eva
ahobhiú divykraµ puru·aµ
d¨· avn. dinaih
katipayaih[SNC_p_3.3] eva vivhah bhavit ca me.
varöaiú katipayaiú[SNC_p_3.3]
eva grathitasya svaraiú iva.
anantāú vāºmayasya aho
geyasya iva vicitratā..
Relative Pronoun
SarvaNman Smbandhika - SNS is the tag used for relative pronoun. In Sanskrit ‘yad’ is the relative pronoun. It has forms in all the genders. It always has a relation with the demonstrative pronoun ‘tad’.
Eg. y[SNS_s_1.1] ni§ sarva-bhètnµ tasyµ jgarti saµyam´ |
yasyµ[SNS_s_6.1] jgrati bhètni s ni§ pa§yataú muneú || G´t II.69
yasya[SNS_p_6.1] antaµ na viduú surú sura-gaöú devya tasmai
namaú |
ye[SNS_p_1.3] yath mµ pra-padyante tn tath eva bhajmi aham |
(G´t
IV.11)
yni[SNS_n_1.3] liºgni saºgrme bhavanti vijayi·yatm | tni sarvöi
bhagavan
§rotum icchmi tattvataú || (M.Bhrata VI.4.15)
Adjectives
NmaVI§e·aöa – NVI
All the qualifiers of nouns which follow the gender, number, and case of the nouns and not belonging to the categories of numerals, participles and pronouns are called Simple adjectives (positive degree).
Eg. aho dantilasya mahat[NVI_n_1.1] d¨ptatvaµ[NB_n_1.1] yat
rja-mahi·´m -liºgati | (Pa.)
tasyµ dharma-paraú[NVI_n_1.1] vijitendriyaú[NVI_n_1.1]
vai§ravaöopamaú[NVI_n_1.1] lokasya pari-rak·it [NVI_n_1.1]
da§arathaú nma rajar·iú avartata | (Bal.)
pra-yaccha
anurèpbhyaú[NVI_s_4.3] mahi·´bhyaú[N_s_4.3] | (Bl.)
tam puru·aµ abhivdya paramay[NVI_s_3.1] mud[N_s_3.1]
sam-apèjayat | (Bl.)
mrge santi bahèni[NVI_n_1.3] madhuröi[NVI_n_1.3]
mraphalni[N_n_1.3] kharjèra-phalni[N_n_1.3] ca | (BPN79)
§reyaµsi[NVI_n_1.3] bahu-vighnni[NVI_n_1.3] |
vatsa ! §ruöu , ka§cit pratipak·aú te pitaraµ nir-jitya , sakalµ[NVI_s_2.1] mah´m[N_s_2.1] tmast akarot | (BPN77)
NmaVI§e·aöa Tulantmaka – NVIT
The adjective used to compare quality between the two nouns is represented by the tag NmaVI§e·aöa Tulantmaka – NVIT. The words having this tag will have either –tarap suffix or –´yasun suffix.
Eg. mthurú p aliputrakebhyaú ¶hyatarú[NVIT_p_1.3] |
dar§an´yatarú[NVIT_p_1.3] | pa ´yµsaú[NVIT_p_1.3] |
lagh´yµsaú[NVIT_p_1.3] || (K§ik - A· . V.3.57)
abhijtatar[NVIT_s_1.1] etsu rjan rj´·u k vada |
(Kaths.11.18.36)
aho ! bal´yaú[NVIT_p_1.1] khalu bh´taú asmi | (Aê. VII.15)
asti
baddhaú matpituú kan´yn[NVIT_p_1.1] bhrt[N_p_1.1]
prahravarm | (Da§.)
alp´yas[NVIT_n_3.1] mèlyena[N_n_3.1] mahrhaµ vajra-vastu
m
astu me labhyam | (Da§.)
NmaVI§e·aöa Ati§ayavci – NVIA
The adjective used to show excelling or superceding sense of a quality among the nouns is represented by NmaVI§e·aöa Ati§ayavci – NVIA tag. The words having this tag will have either –tamap suffix or –isthan suffix.
Eg. tayoú vin§ya jye· haµ[NVIA_p_2.1] putraµ[N_P_2.1] rmaµ dtum
arhasi
| (Bl.)
rya abhirèpa-bhèyi· h[NVIA_s_1.1] pari·at[N_s_1.1] iyam | (Aê. I)
na ataú kryatamaµ[NVIA_n_1.1]
manye raöe bh´·masya
rak·aöt |
(M.Bhrata
6.16.14)
idaµ[SNN_n_2.1]
tu te guhyatamaµ[NVIA_n_2.1]
pra-vak·ymi
anasèyave | (G´t)
Numerals
Cardinal Numerals – SAMkhya – SAM tag and
Ordinal Numerals – SAMkhyeya – SAMY tag
Eg. ahnaú t¨t´yaú[SAMY_p_1.1] ymaú[N_p_1.1] pari-vartate |
(BPN82)
saptame[SAMY_n_7.1] vayasi[N_n_7.1] eva nirastaú asi , nirdhanaú asi, nir§rayaú asi , kim karavöi[P_lo _3.1] mandabhgaú ? (BPN76)
tasya ca kausaly sumitr kaikey´ iti tisraú[SAM_s_1.3] bhryú[N_s_1.3] abhavan | (Bl.)
imni catvri[SAM_n_1.3] api pada-jtni[N_n_1.3] santi etasmin §stre | (Nirukta - Durgav¨tti)
paö¶itnµ paca§at´ [SAM_S_1.1]
atra ti· hati. (Pa.)
Participles
Present Participle tags – K¨danta Vartamna 1 – KV1
tag – The Krdanta-s ending in the §at¨ suffix are tagged KV1
tag and K¨danta
Vartamana 2 – KV2 tag – The K¨danta-s ending in the –§nac and –knac suffixes
are tagged KV2 tag. These participles are formed directly with the
primary root, or with the seconday roots and according they take the extra tags
of the secondary derivations.
Eg. svapantaµ[KV1_p_2.1] ti· hantaµ[KV1_p_2.1]
kr´¶antaµ[KV1_p_2.1] v api bhagavn tvm pari-rak·atu | (BPN76)
pa hataú[KV1_p_6.1] na asti murkhatvam japataú [KV1_p_6.1] na asti
ptakam | mauninaú kalahaú na asti na bhayam ca asti jgrataú [KV1_p_6.1] || (Subh·ita)
dèradar§anasya kcit vijpik vidylayaµ gacchataú[KV1_p_2.3] tr´n[SAM_p_2.3] blakn[N_p_2.3] dar§ayati | (Candamma)
sutrthaµ tapyamnasya[KV2_p_6.1] api sutaú na ajyata | (Bl.)
te·µ dra-kriyµ prati cintayati[KV1_p_7.1] da§arathe[NA_p_7.1] , visvmitraú mah-muniú ayodhyµ pra-pede | (Bl.)
tataú caturda§e var·e ycamnú[KV2_p_1.3] svakaµ vasu | na
alabhanta mahrja tataú yuddhaµ
avartata || (M.Bhrata. I.55.41)
ka§cit[SNC_p_1.1] prjapatyaú naraú vaitnt vai§vnart utthya
putr´yate[Nd_KV1_p_4.1] da§arathya[NA_p_4.1] am¨tapryaµ
pyasaµ pra-ayacchat | (CR25)
cikitsyamnaú[Sn_KV2_p_1.1] varte |
(BNP66)
tµ kaitavena §u§ru·amöaú[Sn_KV2_p_1.1] §atadhrapöiú garbham saptadh[AVKV] nir-bhidya nir-jagma | (CR59)
Future Participle tags – K¨danta Agami 1 - KA1 and K¨danta Agami 2 – KA2 tags. The k¨danta-s having the –§at¨ and –§nac along with the -sya infix
respectively are tagged with KA1 and KA2 tags. Participles formed form the secondary
suffixes get the secondary derivative extra tags in the beginning of the tag.
Eg. yotsyamnn[KA2_p_2.3] avek·e aham | (G´t)
satyasandhaú te[SNU_6.1] pit prati§rutrtha-pariplanrthaµ vanya pra-sthsyamnaú[KA2_p_1.1] kvacit[AV] pra-sthpayati[Ni_p_la _1.1] yuvm[SNM_2.2] idn´m[AV] | (BPN78)
Past Participles tags – K¨danta Bhèta 1 – KB1 tag and K¨danta Bhèta 2 KB2 tags. The k¨danta-s ending in the –kta
suffix are tagged with KB1 tag and k¨danta-s ending with the –ktavat
suffix are tagged with the KB2 tag. Again the participles formed form the
secondary suffixes get the secondary derivative tages in the beginning of the
tag.
Eg. ayaµ ca rja-sènuú[N_p_1.1]
bhavny putratvena
pari-kalpitaú[KB1_p_1.1] | (Da§.)
sarvatra
kiµvadant´[N_s_1.1] saµ-jt[KB1_S_1.1]
manun svayaµ nirmit[KB1_s_1.1]
ayodhy nma nagar´ s´t | (Bl.)
nidröaµ taµ rja-hamsaµ nirbharaµ g¨h´tavati[KB2_P_7.1] mayi[SNU_7.1] , saú bandhant mocayituµ mnu·y vc bahudh vi-alp´t | (BPN10)
kimarthaµ asi nig¨h´tavn[KB2_p_1.1] angasµ sarasvat´m ?
Verbs
A verb tag consists of the 10
word class tags which are called lakAra tags or tense & mood tags
laTV LaTV Vartamana Present
Tense (bhavati)
liTB LiTB Bhuta Past Tense (bhabhuva)
luTAg Agami Future Tense (bhavita)
lRuTAg LRuT Agami Future Tense
(bhavisyati)
loTA LoT Ajna Imperative mood (bhavatu)
la~gB La~g Bhuta Past Tense (abhavat)
li~gVi Vidhi li~g Potential mood (bhavet)
li~gAs Ashir li~g Benedictive mood (bhuyat)
lu~gB Lu~g Bhuta Past Tense
(abhut)
lRu~gS LRu~g Sanketa Contitional
mood (abhavisyat)
all these wordclass tags are
prefixed/postfixed by the sub tags in the following order:
·
verbal prefix sub-tag (if
any) - UPA (upasarga or upapada)
·
verbal prefix base sub-tags
(if it is derived verbal base) - Ni – öijanta - causal, Sn – sannanta -
desiderative, Nd – nāmadhātu - nominal, Yn - yaºanta and yaºluganta – frequentive or intensive
·
verbal prefix pada sub-tags
P (parasmai)and A (Atmane)
·
verbal prefix voice sub-tags (active- kartari is the default
which is unmarked)- Kr -Karmani andBh – Bhave
·
verbal postfix sub-tag person (puru·a) and number (vacana) 1.1 through 3.3
examples:
taµ nènam e·aú dhvantaµ jigh¨k·ati[Sn_P_laTV_1.1] dhanajaya
k¨·öaú iva carati = k¨·öati[Nd_P_laTV_1.1]
ded´pyate[Yn_A_laTV_1.1] sphuradra§mi-§ikhjlaú abjin´-patiú.
kausaly ajanayat[Ni_P_la~gB_1.1] rmaµ
sarvalak·aöa-saµyutaµ.
pa hyate[A_Kr_laTV_1.1]
; bhèyate[A_Bh_laTV_1.1]
Indeclinables
AVyaya – general tag – AV – The particles and the
unclassified indeclinables are tagged as AV.
Eg. sukumr khalu[AV] iyam ? (BPN76)
§ambhave namaú[AV] । svasti[AV] prajbhyaú | agnaye svh[AV] |
§il-var·´ iva parvataú |
(Raghu. IV)
na yotsye iti[AV] govindam uktv tè·ö´µ babhèva ha[AV] | (G´t)
rmaú nma[AV] janaiú §rutaú | (Rm.)
AVyaya Smbandhika – AVS - Relative indeclinable - These are the indeclinables fromed from the relative ‘yad’.
Eg. yatra[AVS] yoge§varaú k¨·öaú yatra[AVS] prthaú
dhanur-dharaú |
tatra sr´ú vijayaú bhètih
dhruv n´tiú matiú mama || (G´t)
yadi[AVS] samj , tarhi[AVS] sdhaymi | (BPN80)
yath[AVS] rj tath[AVS] praj|
AVyaya SamucCayavci – AVSC – Conjuctives – The words which act as phrase, sentence connectors are tagged with this AVSC tag.
Eg. rmaú ca[AVSC] k¨·öaú ca[AVSC] |
ataú[AVSC] asmkaµ §ubhodarkaµ vacaú vcyam eva |
AVyaya Viyogavaci – AVV -
Disjuctives –
The words which act as sentence or phrase breakers are tagged with this tag AVV
Eg. bhuvi v[AVV] divi
v[AVV] mama
astu vsaú | (Mukundaml)
atha_v[AVV] yoginm eva kule bhavati dh´matm | (G´t)
AVyaya Ni·edhrthaka – AVN – Words having negative sense
are tagged with AVN tag.
Eg. na_hi[AVN] na_hi[AVN] rak·ati ¶
imµ ca te bhagin´µ m[AVN] rodaya , m[AVN] khedaya , m[AVN]
paru·aµ §rvaya – sukumr khalu iyam ? (BPN76)
Avyaya Pr§nrthika – AVP – Words which imply questions are tagged with this tag.
Eg. api[AVP] tapah vardhate ? (Aê. I)
kaccit[AVP]
etat §rutaµ prtha ? (G´t)
kva[AVP]
sèrya-prabhavaú vaµ§aú
kva[AVP] ca alpa-vi·ay matiú ? (Raghu.I)
kim[AVP] evam[AV] ud-gho·yate raj ? (BPN)
AVyaya KriyVi§e·aöa – AVKV – Adverb tag – All the other words which act like an adverb are tagged with this tag. And also all the postpositions (upapada).
Eg. mandaµ[AVKV] mandaµ[AVKV] veöuµ pèrayantam
(K¨·öakaröm¨ta)
§anaiú[AVKV] §anaiú[AVKV] upa-ramet
buddhy dh¨ti-g¨h´tay | (G´t)
tena vin[AVKV] t¨öaµ api[AVKV] na
calati |
sarvath[AVKV] dhairyam -lambya vartasva | (BPN)
AVyaya Ktvnta – AVK - Gerund – The Sanskrit gerund words
ending with the k¨t suffix -ktv are tagged with this AVK tag
Eg. tatra ekagraµ manaú k¨tv[AVK] yujyt | (G´t)
vi§vmitrasya
bh·itam §rutv[AVK] muhèrtaµ niúsaµjaú
babhèva | (Bl.)
ahaµ vai§vnaraú bhutv[AVK] pröinµ deham -§ritaú | G´t XV.14
AVyaya Lyabanta – AVL – gerund – This gerund words ending in
the –lyap suffix and having prepositions (upa-sarga or upa-pada)
are tagged with this AVL
Eg. putra-vi§le·a-ktarasya
da§arathasya vacanam
ni-§amya[AVL]
vi§vmitraú kupitah babh·e | (Bl.)
sarvath dhairyam -lambya[AVL] vartasva | (BPN)
vatsa ! §ruöu , ka§cit pratipak·aú te pitaraµ nir-jitya[AVL] , sakalµ mah´m tmast[AVKV] akarot | (BPN77)
AVyaya Tumunnanta – AVT – infinitives – The words which end in the suffix –tum are infinitives and are tagged as AVT.
Eg. kaú ttam abhi-yoddhum[AVT] ´· e ? (BPN78)
tayoú vin§ya jye· haµ putraµ rmaµ me dtum[AVT] arhasi | (Bl.)
UDgra Tag – Interjection tag
Eg. aho_bata[UD] mahat-papam
kartum vyavasitah vayam | (G´t)
h[UD] hanta[UD] asmi
mandabhag | (BPN79)
ahaha[UD] ! kim evam ud-gho·yate raj ? (BPN)