Guidelines

Description of tags   

a.       Word Class:

                                                              i.      Noun

1.       NŒman  - N

2.       NŒman Kartrarthaka - NK

3.       NŒman BhŒvŒrthaka - NB

4.       NŒman AbhidhŒna   – NA

5.       NŒman AbhidhŒna De§a – NAD

6.       NŒman AbhidhŒna Pum_apatya – NAP

7.       NŒman AbhidhŒna Str´_apatya – NAS

8.       NŒman AbhidhŒna TadrŒja – NAT

                                                            ii.      Compounds

1.       NCDI      Nāmapada which is a Compound of Dvandva Itaretara

2.       NCDS     Nāmapada which is a Compound of Dvandva Samhara

3.       NCT2     Nāmapada in 2nd case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a dvity

4.       NCT3     Nāmapada in 3rd case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a trty

5.       NCT4     Nāmapada in 4th  case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a caturth

6.       NCT5     Nāmapada in 5th  case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a pacam

7.       NCT6     Nāmapada in 6th  case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a •a•h

8.       NCT7     Nāmapada in 7th  case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a saptam

9.       NCAl      Nāmapada Compounded without the deletion of case inflection to form Aluk

10.   NCNT    Nāmapada Compounded with negation to form Na Tatpuru•a

11.    NCK      Karmadhrya Compound

12.   NCD       Dvigu Compound

13.   NCB       Bahuvrhi Compound

14.   NCA       Avyaya Compound - Adverbial Compound

                                                          iii.      Pronoun

1.       SarvaNŒman - SN

2.       SarvaNŒman Uttama - SNU

3.       SarvaNŒman Madhyama - SNM

4.       SarvaNŒman îtmŒrthaka - SNA

5.       SarvaNŒman Nirde§Œtmaka – SNN

6.       SarvaNŒman PrŒ§nŒrthika – SNP

7.       SarvaNŒman Cit-cana-Œdi – SNC

8.       SarvaNŒman SŒmbandhika – SNS

                                                           iv.      Participles

1.       K¨danta VartamŒna 1 – KV1

2.       K¨danta VartamŒna 2 – KV2

3.       K¨danta Agami 1 - KA1

4.       K¨danta Agami 2 – KA2

5.       K¨danta Bhèta 1 – KB1

6.       K¨danta Bhèta 2 KB2

7.       K¨danta VIdhyarthaka 1 – KVI1

8.       K¨danta VIdhyarthaka 2 – KVI2

9.       K¨danta VIdhyarthaka 3 – KVI3

                                                             v.      Verbs

1.       laT lakAra Vartamana     -  laTV

2.       liT lakAra Bhuta          -  liTB

3.       luT lakAra Agami        -  luTAg

4.       lR^iT lakAra Agami    - lR^iTAg

5.       loT lakAra Ajna           - loTA

6.       la~N lakAra Bhuta       - la~NB

7.       li~N lakAra  Vidhi        - li~NVi

8.       li~N lakAra AshI          - li~NAs

9.       lu~N lakAra Bhuta        - lu~NB

10.   lR^i~N lakAra Sanketa - lR^i~NS

                                                           vi.      Indeclinables

1.       AVyaya – AV

2.       AVyaya SŒmbandhika – AVS

3.       AVyaya SamucCayavŒci – AVSC

4.       AVyaya Viyogavaci – AVV

5.       AVyaya Ni·edhŒrthaka – AVN

6.       Avyaya PrŒ§nŒrthika – AVP

7.       AVyaya KriyŒVi§e·aöa – AVKV

8.       AVyaya KtvŒnta – AVK

9.       AVyaya Lyabanta – AVL

10.   AVyaya Tumunnanta – AVT

11.   UDgŒra – UD

b.      Feature sub-tags

1.       Gender sub-tags – p, s, and n

2.       Case and Number tags – 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1 through 8.3

3.       Verb base modifying sub-tags – Nd (Nāmadhātu), Yn, Sn (Sannanta), Ni (öijanta)

4.       Verbal Preposition sub-tags – UPA – UPAsarga or UPApada

5.       Verbal Pada sub-tags parasmai- P and Atmane - A

6.       Voice sub-tags (Kartari is default and is not marked) – Kr and Bh

7.       Person and number sub-tags – 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, through 3.3

c.       Puncuation tags & other

1.       |              PUN_VV - Punctuation Vkya Virma - sentence end marker, half shloka marker, etc

2.       ||           PUN_SA - Punctuation loka Anta - shloka end marker

3.       ,               PUN_LV – Punctuation Laghu Virma - comma

4.       ?              PUN_PC – Punctuation Prana Cihna - question mark

5.       !              PUN_AC – Punctuation carya Cihna - exclamatory mark

6.       ‘               PUN_UC – Punctuation Uddharana Cihna 1 -  quote open

7.       ’               PUN_SC – Punctuation Samvarana Cihna 1 - quote close

8.       “              PUN_UCd – Punctuation Uddharana Cihnadvaya - double quote open

9.       ”              PUN_SCd – Punctuation Samvarana Cihnadvaya - double quote close

10.   (              PUN_VU1 – Punctuation Valaya-Uuddharana Cihna 1 - open braces

11.   )              PUN_VS1 – Punctuation Valaya-Samvarana Cihna 1 - close braces

12.   [              PUN_VU2  Punctuation Valaya-Uddharana Cihna 2 - open square bracket

13.   ]              PUN_VS2  Punctuation Valaya-Samvarana Cihna 2 - close square bracket

14.   {              PUN_VU3 – Punctuation Valaya-Uuddharana Cihna 3 - open flower bracket

15.   }              PUN_VS3  Punctuation Valaya-Samvarana Cihna 3 - close flower bracket

16.   -              PUN_DS  dash

17.   :               PUN_CL  colon

18.   ;               PUN_VA – Vkya-anga Anta -  semi-colon

19.   /              PUN_BS – Punctuation back slash

20.   +             PUN_PL - Punctuation  plus sign

21.   =             PUN_EQ - Punctuation equal sign

22.   .               PUN_BIN – bindu - Punctuation  dot

23.   *             PUN_LAG - Laghvikarana - abbreviation marker ( पं* for पंडित)

24.   AB          AB AnyaBh• - foreign word

25.   SAM-SAM           SAM-SAM hyphenated number (१९४७-२००६)

26.   AJ           AJnata

 

 

Nouns

NŒman tag – N - covers all the common nouns.

Eg.          gramaµ[N_p_2.1] janapadasya[N_p_6.1] arthe tyajet|(Pa–.) manunŒ nirmitŒ ayodhyŒ nŒma nagar´[N_s_1.1] Œs´t | (BŒl.)

                purodhasŒµ[N_p_3.1] ca mukhyaµ mŒµ viddhi pŒrtha b¨haspatim |

(G´ta)

                idaµ deva-nirmitaµ pŒyasaµ[N_n_1.1] g¨hŒöa | (Balaramayana)

               

NŒman Kartrarthaka tag – NK – covers agent nouns.

                Eg.          kartuú[NK_p_6.1] ´psitatamaµ karma | (A· .)

                                adhyŒpakaú[NK_p_1.1] chŒtrŒn pŒ hayati |

                                sevakaú[NK_p_1.1] svŒminaµ dve· i | (Pa–.)

                                annadŒtaú[NK_p_8.1] sukh´ bhava |

                                                               

NŒman BhŒvŒrthaka tag – NB – covers impersonal nouns and abstract nouns

                Eg.          madhurŒdhipateú gamanaµ[NB_n_1.1] madhuram | (MadhurŒ· aka)

                                pa hataú na asti mèrkhatvam[NB_n_1.1] | (SubhŒ·ita)

                                vyakulatvaµ[NB_n_1.1] naú h¨di vartate |

                                yena prabhoú citte laghutŒ[NB_s_1.1] vŒ piŒ syŒt tat karma sevakaú

prŒöa-tyŒge api na kuryat | (Pa–.)

                                sahŒyatŒm[NB_s_2.1] kuru |

 

NŒman AbhidhŒna tag – NA – covers all proper nouns – of persons and places

                Eg.          rŒmaú[NA_p_1.1] nŒma janaiú §rutaú | (RŒm.)

                                himalayaú[NA_p_1.1] nŒma nagŒdhirŒjaú asti | (KumŒrasambhava)

                                rŒmagiryŒ§rame·u[NA_p_7.3] vasatiµ cakre | (Meghadèta)

                                da§arathaú[NA_p_1.1] nŒma rŒjar·iú avartata | (BŒl.)

                                s´tŒyŒú[NA_s_1.1] caritaµ mahat | (RŒm.)

                                asti nagar´ ujjayin´[NA_s_1.1] nŒma |

                                murkha! rŒjŒ brahmadattaú[NA_p_1.1], nagaraµ

kŒmpilyam[NA_n_1.1] iti abhidh´yatŒm | (SvapnavasavŒdatta)

                                asti dŒk·iöŒtye janapade mahilŒropyaµ[NA_n_1.1] nŒma nagaram |

                                (Pa–.)

 

NŒman AbhidhŒna De§a tag – NAD – covers a small set of Country Names in Sanskrit which are used in plural.

                Eg.          aºgŒnŒµ vi·ayaú aºgŒú[NAD_p_1.3] | vaºgŒú[NAD_p_1.3]

suhmŒú[NAD_p_1.3] puörŒú[NAD_p_1.3] | (M.Bh.)

rŒmaú daöakŒn[NAD_p_2.3] pravive§a | (RŒm.)

uttare·u pŒ–cŒle·u[NAD_p_7.3] mahŒbŒhuú drupadaú rŒjŒ abhavat |

(M.BhŒrata)

sauv´rŒú[NAD_p_1.3] kitavaú[NAD_p_1.3] prŒcyŒú[NAD_p_1.3]

prat´cya-ud´cya-mŒlavŒú[NAD_p_1.3] | abh´·ŒhŒú[NAD_p_1.3]

§èrasenŒú[NAD_p_1.3] §ibayaú[NAD_p_1.3] atha

vasŒtayaú[NAD_p_1.3] || §ŒlvŒ§rayŒú[NAD_p_1.3]

trigartŒú[NAD_p_1.3] ca amba· hŒú[NAD_p_1.3]

kekayaiú[NAD_p_3.3] saha | dvada§a ete janapadŒú | (M.BhŒrata)

 

NŒman AbhidhŒna Pum_apatya tag – NAP and NŒma AbhidhŒna Str´_apatya tag – NAS -  represent Patronymic and Metronymic Proper Nouns

                Eg.          mŒrutiµ[NAP_p_2.1] namata rŒk·asŒntakam | (Hanumatstotra)

                                tvayŒ rŒghava[NAP_p_8.1] gaccheyam | (RŒm.)

saú ghosaú dhŒrtarŒ· rŒöŒµ[NAP_p_6.3] h¨dayŒni vi-adŒrayat | (G´ta)

                                saú kaikeyyŒú[NAP_s_6.1] priyakŒranŒt vanaµ jagŒma | (RŒm.)

                                tasya ca kausalyŒ[NA_s_1.1] sumitrŒ[NA_s_1.1] kaikey´[NAP_s_1.1] iti

tisraú bhŒryŒú abhavan | (BŒl.)

                                sukhinaú k·atriyŒ§ pŒrtha[NAS_p_8.1] labhante yuddham ´d¨§am | (G´ta)

                                prati-jagrŒha gŒºgeyaú[NAS_p_1.1] §ata§aú atha sahasra§aú |

(M.BhŒrata)

                                visöunŒ tu tadŒ Œka§e vainateyaú[NAS_p_1.1] sameyivŒn | (M.BhŒrata)

 

NŒman AbhidhŒna TadrŒja tag – NAT – covers a small set of names of k·atriya-s. These names are based on the country their reign.

 

Eg.          kiµ tvŒ amanyata vaidehaú[NAT_p_1.1] pitŒ me mithilŒdhipaú |

                                rŒma jŒmŒtaraµ prŒpya striyaµ puru·a-vigraham || (RŒm.)

                                sakhŒyaµ mŒµ vijŒn´hi pŒ–cŒla[NAT_p_1.1] yadi manyase | (M.BhŒrata)

                                nai·adhaµ[NAT_p_2.1] varayŒmŒsa bhaim´[NAP_s_1.1] dharmeöa

bhŒrata | (M.BhŒrata)

Compounds

NCDI      Nāmapada which is a Compound of Dvandva Itaretara type (Coordinative Enumerative Compound which is a Noun, with gender and declensional sub-tags)  (e.g. rmak••au, rmalak•maabharataatrughn)

NCDS     Nāmapada which is a Compound of Dvandva Samhara type (Coordinative Collective Compound which is a Noun, with neuter gender, and singular number and declensional sub-tags) (e.g. pipdam, hranidrbhayam)

NCT2     Nāmapada in 2nd case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a dvity type (Determinative Compound (accusative), with gender, number and declensional sug-tags) (e.g. k••arita, dukhtta)

NCT3     Nāmapada in 3rd case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a trty type (Determinative Compound (instrumental), with gender, number and declensional sug-tags) (e.g. haritrta, nakhabhinna, vkkalaha)

NCT4     Nāmapada in 4th  case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a caturth type (Determinative Compound (dative), with gender, number and declensional sug-tags) (e.g. ypadru, gohitam)

NCT5     Nāmapada in 5th  case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a pacam type (Determinative Compound (ablative), with gender, number and declensional sug-tags) (e.g. corabhayam, svargapatita)

NCT6     Nāmapada in 6th  case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a •a•h type (Determinative Compound (genitive), with gender, number and declensional sug-tags) (e.g. rjapuru•a, devendra)

NCT7     Nāmapada in 7th  case Compounded to form Tatpuru•a saptam type (Determinative Compound (locative), with gender, number and declensional sug-tags) (e.g. ak•aaua, vardhna)

NCAl      Nāmapada Compounded without the deletion of case inflection to form Aluk type (gender, number and declensional sug-tags) (e.g. dhanajaya)

NCNT    Nāmapada Compounded with negation to form Na Tatpuru•a type (gender, number and declensional sug-tags) (e.g. abrhmaa)

NCK       Karmadhrya Compound (with gender, number and declensional sug-tags) (e.g. ghanayma, mukhakamalam, k••asarpa, uklak••a)

NCD       Dvigu Compound (with gender, number and declensional sug-tags) (e.g. •aömŒturaú, pa–cava´, pa–catantram)

NCB       Bahuvrhi Compound (with gender, number and declensional sug-tags) (e.g. pitŒmbaraú, cakrapaniú)

NCA       Avyaya Compound (e.g. yathāakti, amāmi) Adverbial Compound

 

General Pronouns

SarvaNŒman SN tag – It includes all the pronouns listed in SarvŒdigaöa, except the personal, reflexive, demonstrative, interrogative, relative and indefinite pronouns.

                Eg.          vi§ve[SN_p_1.3] surŒú ca[AVC] sarvaµ[SN_n_1.1] jagat ca[AVC]

upa-sthitŒµ vaikrtim Œ-namanti | (M.BhŒrata I.71.36)

ubhau[SN_p_1.2] mukham Œ-cchŒdya adhomukhaµ ti· hataú | (BPN81)

Personal Pronouns

SarvaNŒman Uttama SNU and SarvaNŒman Madhyama SNM are the personal pronoun tags – These tags donot have gender feature sub-tags. But the ‘bhavat’ which is used as honorific second person pronoun does get forms in all the three genders. This word though being a second person pronoun does not concord with the second person form of the verb, but is used only with third person forms of a verb.[1] This is also used with prefixes ‘atra’ and ‘tatra’ in the sense of honour.

Eg.          etat rŒjan dhanaµ mahyaµ[SNU_4.1] , tena d´vyŒmi ahaµ[SNU_1.1]

tvayŒ[SNM_3.1] | (M.BhŒrata II.54.28)

na antaú asti mama[SNU_6.1] divyŒnŒµ vibhèt´naµ parantapa |

(G´tŒ XI.40)

tataú te[SNM_6.1] pitŒ yuvŒm[SNM_2.2] idŒn´m[AV]

pra-sthŒpayati | (BPN78)

api saµ-ni-dhatte atra tatra-bhavat´[SNM_s_1.1] siddhimat´ nŒma

yogin´ ? (BPN4)

bhavati[SNM_s_8.1] bhik·Œµ dehi | bhik·Œµ bhavat´[SNM_s_1.1]

dadŒtu | bhik·Œµ bhavati[SNM_s_8.1] dehi | (PŒraskara-g¨hya-sètra)

 

muniú etau pari-g¨hya svŒµ[SNA_s_2.1] k¨tim apŒ hayat | (CR10)

 

Reflexive Pronouns

SarvaNŒman îtmŒrthaka SNA tag is used for reflexive pronouns. In Sanskrit ‘Œtman’ (in masculine singular), ‘sva’, ‘Œtmiya’, ‘svakiya’ and ‘nija’ words are used as reflexive pronouns. ‘svayam’ is used as an adverb.

 

Eg.          pratyahaµ prati-ava-´k·eta naraú caritam Œtmanaú[SNA_p_6.1] |

                vedaú sm¨tiú sadŒcŒraú svasya[SNA_p_6.1] ca priyam

Œtmanaú | etat catur-vidhaµ prŒhuú sŒk·Œt dharmasya

lak·aöam || (Manus. II.12)

mayŒ dattaµ nijaµ[SNA_p_2.1] putraµ v´raµ v´ra g¨hŒt naya |

(M.BhŒrata. I.94.36)

 

Demonstrative Pronouns

SarvaNŒman Nirde§Œtmaka SNN is the tag for demonstative pronouns. In Sanskrit there are four demonstrative pronouns – ‘idam’ (this), ‘etad’ (this), ‘adas’ (that)  and ‘tad’ (that)[2]. All the four take all the three gender, number and case feature sub-tags.

 

                Eg.          imŒµ[SNN_s_2.1] ca te bhagin´µ mŒ rodaya | (BPN76)

purŒv¨ttam asmai[SNN_p_4.1] da§arathŒya kathayŒmŒsa[P_li _1.1] | (CR12)

etau[SNN_p_2.2] muniú pari-grhya svŒµ krtim apŒ hayat[Ni_p_laº_1.1] | (CR11)

praöamya utthitŒn etŒn[SNN_p_2.3] amarŒn aravinda-locanaú

sphu am[AVKV] abhŒ·ata[A_laº_1.1] | (CR16)

tataú sŒ[SNN_s_1.1] pari·at dugdha-sŒgarŒt nir-agŒt[P_luº_1.1] |

 (CR24)

asau[SNN_p_1.1] matimatŒµ §re· haú | (M.Bharata II.38.16)

 

Interrogative Pronoun

SarvaNŒman PrŒ§nŒrthika SNP is the tag for interrogative pronouns. In Sanskrit the word ‘kim’ is used as interrogative pronoun in all the three genders. It is also used with ‘api’ in the sence of some or indefinite pronoun. Adjectival interrogatives are also formed like ‘kiyat’, ‘kidr§’, ‘katara’, ‘katama’ etc.

enaµ prabandhaµ pra-yoktuµ kaú[SNP_p_1.1] samarthaú | (CR10)

ayaµ janaú kasya[SNP_p_6.1] haste sam-arpitaú ? (Aê.IV)

kŒ[SNP_s_1.1] me janan´ ? kaú[SNP_p_1.1] me tŒtaú ? (Moham.)

j–eyaµ kim[SNP_n_1.1] atra ? (Pa–.)

kiyantaµ[SNP_p_2.1] ca eva kŒlaµ te vapuú etat bhavi·yati ? (M.BhŒrata I.10.8)

mana§-cak·ur-vih´nasya k´d¨§aµ[SNP_N_1.1] j´vitaµ

bhavet?  (M.BhŒrata II.15.2)

Indefinite Pronoun

SarvaNŒman Cit-cana-adi SNC is the indefinite pronoun tag. Indefinite pronouns are formed by the addition of suffixes –cit, -cana, or -api to the various cases of the pronoun ‘kim’ in all the genders. (there is also occuances with –svit)

 

kimapi[SNC_N_1.1] apèrvaµ rèpakam abhi-netavyam[KVI2_N_1.1] |

(BPN2)

rŒjŒ ni§vasya kimapi[SNC_N_2.1] dhyŒyan ti· hati | (BPN82)

kasyacit[SNC_p_6.1] g¨hamedhinaú g¨hŒt annam Œniya bhavat´µ

bhojayitum icchŒmi | (BPN82)

kasyŒpi[SNC_p_6.1] bŒdhŒ mŒ[AVN]_bhèt[P_lun_1.1] | (BPN83)

tatra muniú ka–cana[SNC_p_2.1] prade§am pradar§ayan avocat |

(CR40)

ka§cit[SNC_p_1.1] yak·aú rŒmagiryŒ§rame·u vasatiµ cakre. (Meghaduta)

asti kasmiµ§cit[SNC_p_7.1] vanodde§e ka§cit pulindaú (Pa–.)

kai§cit[SNC_p_3.3] kŒmapi§Œcaú iti dhikk¨taú.

ayaµ tu tapasv´ lokaú kenŒpi[SNC_p_3.1] asadvŒdena svargam

abhi-kŒºk·ate.

kāsvit[SNC_s_1.1] avaguö hanavat´ nār´.

Even the usage of katipaya is seen in the sence of indefinite pronouns.

Eg.          katipayaiú[SNC_p_3.3] eva ahobhiú divyŒkŒraµ puru·aµ

 d¨· avŒn. dinaih katipayaih[SNC_p_3.3] eva vivŒhah bhavitŒ ca me.

varöaiú katipayaiú[SNC_p_3.3] eva grathitasya svaraiú iva.

anantāú vāºmayasya aho geyasya iva vicitratā..

Relative Pronoun

SarvaNŒman SŒmbandhika - SNS is the tag used for relative pronoun. In Sanskrit ‘yad’ is the relative pronoun. It has forms in all the genders. It always has a relation with the demonstrative pronoun ‘tad’.

                Eg.          yŒ[SNS_s_1.1] ni§Œ sarva-bhètŒnŒµ tasyŒµ jŒgarti saµyam´ |

yasyŒµ[SNS_s_6.1] jŒgrati bhètŒni sŒ ni§Œ pa§yataú muneú || G´tŒ II.69

                                yasya[SNS_p_6.1] antaµ na viduú surŒú sura-gaöŒú devŒya tasmai

namaú |

ye[SNS_p_1.3] yathŒ mŒµ pra-padyante tŒn tathŒ eva bhajŒmi aham |

(G´tŒ  IV.11)

yŒni[SNS_n_1.3] liºgŒni saºgrŒme bhavanti vijayi·yatŒm | tŒni sarvŒöi

bhagavan §rotum icchŒmi tattvataú || (M.BhŒrata VI.4.15)

 

Adjectives

NŒmaVI§e·aöa – NVI

All the qualifiers of nouns which follow the gender, number, and case of the nouns and not belonging to the categories of numerals, participles and pronouns are called Simple adjectives (positive degree).

                Eg.          aho dantilasya mahat[NVI_n_1.1] d¨ptatvaµ[NB_n_1.1] yat

rŒja-mahi·´m Œ-liºgati | (Pa–.)

tasyŒµ dharma-paraú[NVI_n_1.1] vijitendriyaú[NVI_n_1.1]

vai§ravaöopamaú[NVI_n_1.1] lokasya pari-rak·itŒ [NVI_n_1.1]

da§arathaú nŒma rajar·iú avartata | (Bal.)

pra-yaccha anurèpŒbhyaú[NVI_s_4.3] mahi·´bhyaú[N_s_4.3] | (BŒl.)

tam puru·aµ abhivŒdya paramayŒ[NVI_s_3.1] mudŒ[N_s_3.1]

sam-apèjayat | (BŒl.)

mŒrge santi bahèni[NVI_n_1.3] madhurŒöi[NVI_n_1.3]

ŒmraphalŒni[N_n_1.3] kharjèra-phalŒni[N_n_1.3] ca | (BPN79)

§reyaµsi[NVI_n_1.3] bahu-vighnŒni[NVI_n_1.3] |

vatsa ! §ruöu , ka§cit pratipak·aú te pitaraµ nir-jitya , sakalŒµ[NVI_s_2.1] mah´m[N_s_2.1] ŒtmasŒt akarot | (BPN77)

NŒmaVI§e·aöa TulanŒtmaka – NVIT

The adjective used to compare quality between the two nouns is represented by the tag NŒmaVI§e·aöa TulanŒtmaka – NVIT. The words having this tag will have either –tarap suffix or –´yasun suffix.

                Eg.          mŒthurŒú pŒ aliputrakebhyaú ŒhyatarŒú[NVIT_p_1.3] |

                                dar§an´yatarŒú[NVIT_p_1.3] | pa ´yŒµsaú[NVIT_p_1.3] |

lagh´yŒµsaú[NVIT_p_1.3] || (KŒ§ikŒ - A· . V.3.57)

abhijŒtatarŒ[NVIT_s_1.1] etŒsu rŒjan rŒj–´·u kŒ vada |

(KathŒs.11.18.36)

aho ! bal´yaú[NVIT_p_1.1] khalu bh´taú asmi | (Aê. VII.15)

asti baddhaú matpituú kan´yŒn[NVIT_p_1.1] bhrŒtŒ[N_p_1.1]

prahŒravarmŒ | (Da§.)

alp´yasŒ[NVIT_n_3.1] mèlyena[N_n_3.1] mahŒrhaµ vajra-vastu

mŒ  astu me labhyam | (Da§.)

NŒmaVI§e·aöa Ati§ayavŒci – NVIA

The adjective used to show excelling or superceding sense of a quality among the nouns is represented by NŒmaVI§e·aöa Ati§ayavŒci – NVIA tag. The words having this tag will have either –tamap suffix or –isthan suffix.

                Eg.          tayoú vinŒ§Œya jye· haµ[NVIA_p_2.1] putraµ[N_P_2.1] rŒmaµ dŒtum

arhasi | (BŒl.)

Œrya abhirèpa-bhèyi· hŒ[NVIA_s_1.1] pari·at[N_s_1.1] iyam | (Aê. I)

na ataú kŒryatamaµ[NVIA_n_1.1] manye raöe bh´·masya rak·aöŒt |

(M.BhŒrata 6.16.14)

idaµ[SNN_n_2.1] tu te guhyatamaµ[NVIA_n_2.1] pra-vak·yŒmi

anasèyave | (G´tŒ)

 

Numerals

Cardinal Numerals – SAMkhya – SAM tag and Ordinal Numerals – SAMkhyeya – SAMY tag

Eg.          ahnaú t¨t´yaú[SAMY_p_1.1] yŒmaú[N_p_1.1] pari-vartate | (BPN82)

saptame[SAMY_n_7.1] vayasi[N_n_7.1] eva nirastaú asi , nirdhanaú asi, nirŒ§rayaú asi , kim karavŒöi[P_lo _3.1] mandabhŒgaú ? (BPN76)

tasya ca kausalyŒ sumitrŒ kaikey´ iti tisraú[SAM_s_1.3] bhŒryŒú[N_s_1.3] abhavan | (BŒl.)

imŒni catvŒri[SAM_n_1.3] api pada-jŒtŒni[N_n_1.3] santi etasmin §Œstre | (Nirukta - Durgav¨tti)  

paöitŒnŒµ pa–ca§at´ [SAM_S_1.1] atra ti· hati. (Pa–.)

 

Participles

Present Participle tags – K¨danta VartamŒna 1 – KV1 tag – The Krdanta-s ending in the §at¨ suffix are tagged KV1 tag and K¨danta Vartamana 2 – KV2 tag – The K¨danta-s ending in the –§Œnac and –kŒnac suffixes are tagged KV2 tag. These participles are formed directly with the primary root, or with the seconday roots and according they take the extra tags of the secondary derivations.

Eg.          svapantaµ[KV1_p_2.1] ti· hantaµ[KV1_p_2.1]

kr´antaµ[KV1_p_2.1] vŒ api bhagavŒn tvŒm pari-rak·atu | (BPN76)

pa hataú[KV1_p_6.1] na asti murkhatvam japataú [KV1_p_6.1] na asti

pŒtakam | mauninaú kalahaú na asti na bhayam ca asti jŒgrataú [KV1_p_6.1] || (SubhŒ·ita)

dèradar§anasya kŒcit vij–ŒpikŒ vidyŒlayaµ gacchataú[KV1_p_2.3] tr´n[SAM_p_2.3] bŒlakŒn[N_p_2.3] dar§ayati | (CandamŒma)

sutŒrthaµ tapyamŒnasya[KV2_p_6.1] api sutaú na ajŒyata | (BŒl.)

te·Œµ dŒra-kriyŒµ prati cintayati[KV1_p_7.1] da§arathe[NA_p_7.1] , visvŒmitraú mahŒ-muniú ayodhyŒµ pra-pede | (BŒl.)

tataú caturda§e var·e yŒcamŒnŒú[KV2_p_1.3] svakaµ vasu | na alabhanta mahŒrŒja tataú yuddhaµ avartata || (M.BhŒrata. I.55.41)

ka§cit[SNC_p_1.1] prŒjapatyaú naraú vaitŒnŒt vai§vŒnarŒt utthŒya

putr´yate[Nd_KV1_p_4.1] da§arathŒya[NA_p_4.1] am¨taprŒyaµ

 pŒyasaµ pra-ayacchat | (CR25)

cikitsyamŒnaú[Sn_KV2_p_1.1] varte | (BNP66)

tŒµ kaitavena §u§ru·amŒöaú[Sn_KV2_p_1.1] §atadhŒrapŒöiú garbham saptadhŒ[AVKV] nir-bhidya nir-jagŒma | (CR59)

 

Future Participle tags – K¨danta Agami 1 - KA1 and K¨danta Agami 2 – KA2 tags. The k¨danta-s having the –§at¨ and –§Œnac along with the -sya infix respectively are tagged with KA1 and KA2 tags. Participles formed form the secondary suffixes get the secondary derivative extra tags in the beginning of the tag.

                Eg.          yotsyamŒnŒn[KA2_p_2.3] avek·e aham | (G´tŒ)

satyasandhaú te[SNU_6.1] pitŒ prati§rutŒrtha-paripŒlanŒrthaµ vanŒya pra-sthŒsyamŒnaú[KA2_p_1.1] kvacit[AV] pra-sthŒpayati[Ni_p_la _1.1] yuvŒm[SNM_2.2] idŒn´m[AV] | (BPN78)

 

Past Participles tags – K¨danta Bhèta 1 – KB1 tag and K¨danta Bhèta 2 KB2 tags. The k¨danta-s ending in the –kta suffix are tagged with KB1 tag and k¨danta-s ending with the –ktavat suffix are tagged with the KB2 tag. Again the participles formed form the secondary suffixes get the secondary derivative tages in the beginning of the tag.

Eg.          ayaµ ca rŒja-sènuú[N_p_1.1] bhavŒnyŒ putratvena

pari-kalpitaú[KB1_p_1.1] | (Da§.)

sarvatra kiµvadant´[N_s_1.1] saµ-jŒtŒ[KB1_S_1.1] asti | (Da§.)

manunŒ svayaµ nirmitŒ[KB1_s_1.1] ayodhyŒ nŒma nagar´ Œs´t | (BŒl.)

nidrŒöaµ taµ rŒja-hamsaµ nirbharaµ g¨h´tavati[KB2_P_7.1] mayi[SNU_7.1] , saú bandhanŒt mocayituµ mŒnu·yŒ vŒcŒ bahudhŒ vi-alŒp´t | (BPN10)

kimarthaµ asi nig¨h´tavŒn[KB2_p_1.1] anŒgasŒµ sarasvat´m ?

 

Verbs

A verb tag consists of the 10 word class tags which are called lakAra tags or tense & mood tags

laTV       LaTV  Vartamana Present Tense (bhavati)

liTB         LiTB Bhuta Past Tense (bhabhuva)

luTAg     Agami Future Tense (bhavita)

lRuTAg  LRuT  Agami Future Tense (bhavisyati)

loTA       LoT Ajna Imperative mood (bhavatu)

la~gB     La~g Bhuta Past Tense (abhavat)

li~gVi     Vidhi li~g Potential mood (bhavet)

li~gAs    Ashir li~g Benedictive mood (bhuyat)

lu~gB     Lu~g  Bhuta Past Tense (abhut)

lRu~gS  LRu~g  Sanketa Contitional mood (abhavisyat)

all these wordclass tags are prefixed/postfixed by the sub tags in the following order:

·         verbal prefix sub-tag (if any) - UPA (upasarga or upapada)

·         verbal prefix base sub-tags (if it is derived verbal base) - Ni – öijanta - causal, Sn – sannanta - desiderative, Nd – nāmadhātu - nominal, Yn - yaºanta and yaºluganta – frequentive or intensive

·         verbal prefix pada sub-tags P (parasmai)and A (Atmane)

·         verbal prefix voice sub-tags (active- kartari is the default which is unmarked)- Kr -Karmani andBh – Bhave

·         verbal postfix sub-tag person (puru·a) and number (vacana)  1.1 through 3.3

examples:

taµ nènam e·aú dhŒvantaµ jigh¨k·ati[Sn_P_laTV_1.1] dhana–jaya

k¨·öaú iva Œcarati = k¨·öati[Nd_P_laTV_1.1]

ded´pyate[Yn_A_laTV_1.1]  sphuradra§mi-§ikhŒjŒlaú abjin´-patiú.

kausaly Œ ajanayat[Ni_P_la~gB_1.1]  rŒmaµ sarvalak·aöa-saµyutaµ.

pa hyate[A_Kr_laTV_1.1] ; bhèyate[A_Bh_laTV_1.1]

 

Indeclinables

AVyaya – general tag – AV – The particles and the unclassified indeclinables are tagged as AV.

Eg.          sukumŒrŒ khalu[AV] iyam ? (BPN76)

                §ambhave namaú[AV] । svasti[AV] prajŒbhyaú | agnaye svŒhŒ[AV] |

                §ilŒ-var·´ iva parvataú   | (Raghu. IV)

                na yotsye iti[AV] govindam uktvŒ tè·ö´µ babhèva ha[AV] | (G´tŒ)

                rŒmaú nŒma[AV] janaiú §rutaú | (RŒm.)

 

AVyaya SŒmbandhika – AVS - Relative indeclinable -  These are the indeclinables fromed from the relative ‘yad’.

                Eg.          yatra[AVS] yoge§varaú k¨·öaú yatra[AVS] pŒrthaú dhanur-dharaú |

                tatra sr´ú vijayaú bhètih dhruvŒ n´tiú matiú mama || (G´tŒ)

yadi[AVS] samŒj–Œ , tarhi[AVS] sŒdhayŒmi | (BPN80)

yathŒ[AVS] rŒjŒ tathŒ[AVS] prajŒ|

 

AVyaya SamucCayavŒci – AVSC – Conjuctives – The words which act as phrase, sentence connectors are tagged with this AVSC tag.

                Eg.          rŒmaú ca[AVSC] k¨·öaú ca[AVSC] |

                                ataú[AVSC] asmŒkaµ §ubhodarkaµ vacaú vŒcyam eva |

 

AVyaya Viyogavaci – AVV - Disjuctives – The words which act as sentence or phrase breakers are tagged with this tag AVV

                Eg.          bhuvi vŒ[AVV] divi vŒ[AVV] mama astu vŒsaú | (MukundamŒlŒ)

                                atha_vŒ[AVV] yoginŒm eva kule bhavati dh´matŒm | (G´tŒ)

 

AVyaya Ni·edhŒrthaka – AVN – Words having negative sense are tagged with AVN tag.

                Eg.          na_hi[AVN] na_hi[AVN] rak·ati uk¨– karaöe | (Moham.)

imŒµ ca te bhagin´µ mŒ[AVN] rodaya , mŒ[AVN] khedaya , mŒ[AVN]

paru·aµ §rŒvaya – sukumŒrŒ khalu iyam ? (BPN76)

 

Avyaya PrŒ§nŒrthika – AVP – Words which imply questions are tagged with this tag.

                Eg.          api[AVP] tapah vardhate ? (Aê. I)

                                kaccit[AVP] etat §rutaµ pŒrtha ? (G´tŒ)

                                kva[AVP] sèrya-prabhavaú vaµ§aú

kva[AVP] ca alpa-vi·ayŒ matiú ? (Raghu.I)

kim[AVP] evam[AV] ud-gho·yate raj–Œ ? (BPN)

 

 

AVyaya KriyŒVi§e·aöa – AVKV – Adverb tag – All the other words which act like an adverb are tagged with this tag. And also all the postpositions (upapada).

                Eg.          mandaµ[AVKV] mandaµ[AVKV] veöuµ Œpèrayantam

(K¨·öakaröŒm¨ta)

                                §anaiú[AVKV] §anaiú[AVKV] upa-ramet buddhyŒ dh¨ti-g¨h´tayŒ | (G´tŒ)

                                tena vinŒ[AVKV] t¨öaµ api[AVKV] na calati |

                                sarvathŒ[AVKV] dhairyam Œ-lambya vartasva | (BPN)

AVyaya KtvŒnta – AVK - Gerund – The Sanskrit gerund words ending with the k¨t suffix -ktvŒ are tagged with this AVK tag

                Eg.          tatra ekagraµ manaú k¨tvŒ[AVK] yu–jyŒt | (G´tŒ)

                                vi§vŒmitrasya bhŒ·itam §rutvŒ[AVK] muhèrtaµ niúsaµj–aú

babhèva | (BŒl.)

ahaµ vai§vŒnaraú bhutvŒ[AVK] prŒöinŒµ deham Œ-§ritaú | G´tŒ XV.14

 

AVyaya Lyabanta – AVL – gerund – This gerund words ending in the –lyap suffix and having prepositions (upa-sarga or upa-pada) are tagged with this AVL

                Eg.          putra-vi§le·a-kŒtarasya da§arathasya vacanam ni-§amya[AVL]

vi§vŒmitraú kupitah babhŒ·e | (BŒl.)

sarvathŒ dhairyam Œ-lambya[AVL] vartasva | (BPN)

vatsa ! §ruöu , ka§cit pratipak·aú te pitaraµ nir-jitya[AVL] , sakalŒµ mah´m ŒtmasŒt[AVKV] akarot | (BPN77)

 

AVyaya Tumunnanta – AVT – infinitives – The words which end in the suffix –tum are infinitives and are tagged as AVT.

Eg.          kaú tŒtam abhi-yoddhum[AVT] ´· e ? (BPN78)

                tayoú vinŒ§Œya jye· haµ putraµ rŒmaµ me dŒtum[AVT] arhasi | (BŒl.)

 

UDgŒra Tag – Interjection tag

                Eg.          aho_bata[UD] mahat-papam kartum vyavasitah vayam | (G´tŒ)

hŒ[UD] hanta[UD] asmi mandabhagŒ | (BPN79)

ahaha[UD] ! kim evam ud-gho·yate raj–Œ ? (BPN)